This scientist is on a mission to map the world’s oceans

About a decade ago, when Ved Chirayath learned that more than 90 percent of the planet’s seafloor remained unexplored, he was stunned. It was a stark contrast to the detailed maps of Mars and the moon he’d seen as an engineering graduate student developing devices to observe celestial bodies. Chirayath decided to apply techniques from space exploration to begin imaging the ocean. Baseline maps are vital, he says, because if we don’t know what’s there, we won’t know how to protect it.

There were big challenges: Sonar, commonly used to gather data from large swaths of the ocean, can’t provide high resolution, while satellite images can’t penetrate ocean depths and are distorted by waves. So the University of Miami professor and National Geographic Explorer created FluidCam, equipped with a specialized digital camera and software to “see” through water, and MiDAR, which adds high-intensity light. 

These tools, often carried by a drone, are helping his team map sea features to the centimeter in places such as Guam. Since 2020, citizen scientists have lent a hand by playing the NeMO-Net video game to spot coral reefs in a virtual ocean made from the images. The data will be used to train supercomputers that will one day map reefs around the globe.